History of Medieval India (1206-1707)
Divided into two parts.
Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)
Mughals (1526-1707)
Sr.No.
|
Dynasty Name
|
Founder
|
Year
|
(1)
|
Slave Dynasty
|
Qutub-din-Aibak
|
1206-1290
|
(2)
|
Khilji Dynasty
|
Jalaudin Khilji
|
1290-1320
|
(3)
|
Tughlaq Dynasty
|
Giyasudin Tughlaq
|
1320-1414
|
(4)
|
Sayyed Dynasty
|
Khijjer Khan
|
1414-1451
|
(5)
|
Lodhi Dynasty
|
Behlol Lodhi
|
1451-1526
|
Invasion of Muslim 712 A.D.
Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sind.( First muslim who invaded India.
Mahmud of Ghazni (A.D.997-1030)
He made 17 raids into India
Muhammad Ghori
In 1175 captured Multan and Sind, In 1186 he attacked Punjab
The Battle of Tarain (1191-1192)
Two battles were held both in Tarain famously know as First battle of Tarain and Second Battle of Tarain. It was between Muhammad Ghori and Prithivi Raj Chauhan near Delhi in 1191
Prithivi Raj Chauhan defeated Mauhammad Ghori
After an year he again attacked on Rajput Kingdoms but time due to his large force( 3,00,000 horses, 3000 elephants and a large body of foot soldiers He won the battle Prithiviraj was captured and killed.
In this way the first Muslim kingdom was firmly established in India at Ajmer
Causes for failures of Hindu Kingdoms.
Lacked unity
Many Hindu States were in declining power
Military methods were out of date
After his victory Ghori returned to Ghazni but he leave behind his favourite general Qutub-ud-din Aibak.
Slave/Ilbari/ Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290)
Total Rulers 10 and Important from Exam point of view are Qutub-ud-din-Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultan and Bulban.
· Qutub-ud-din-Aibak (1206-1210)
o Founder of Slave Dynasty
o Slave of Mahumad Ghori
o He Built first Masjid or Mosque Quat-ul-Islam
o The second Masjid was also built by him Adai-din ka Jhompra. In Ajmer(Rajasthan)
o Also known as Lakh Baksh.
o He made Lahore his capital.
o He started construction of Qutab Minar in Delhi This monument was in the memory of Khawaja Qutub Bakhtyar Kaki.
o In 1210 he died while playing Chaugan(Horse Polo).
· Aram shah (1210-1210) 4 months he was son of Qutub-ud-din-Aibak and it very clear from its name that he was rest lover. He was killed by Iltutmish.
· Iltutmish (1210-1236)
o Real founder of Slave Dynasty
o Son-in-law of Qutub-din-Aibak
o Started two coins Tanka and Jital
o He saved Delhi from Changez Khan attack in 1221.
o He started Chalisa System group of 40 slaves
o He completed the construction of Qutub Minar
o He made Delhi as a Capital
o He started Jajiya Tax.
· Razia Sultan(1236-1240)
o Daughter of Iltutmish.
o Only woman ruler of Delhi Sultnate.
o She abolished Parda Pratha
o Focused on women Education
o Married with Abbesiyan Slave that is Yakut but Yakut was killed by Governor of Bathinda Altunia.
o After that both Altunia And Raziya Sultan were killed by Bairam Khan In kethal.
· Bulban (1266-1287)
o He was slave under Iltutmish Chalisha system
o He abolished Chalisa system
o He started Sijda and Pebos system.
o He started two Department.
§ Diwan-e-Arz(Military)
§ Diwan-e-Wazart(Finance).
o He started Nauraj Festival. ( Persian New Year Festival )
o He titled himself as Zill-e-Illahi. (shadow of God).
· Kaikubadh (1287-1290)
o He was grandson of Balban but he was killed by Malik Feroz( Jlaludin Khilji) in 1290.
o Malik Feroz started Khilji Dynasty.
Note:- Out of 10 rulers of slave dynasty 3 were Slaves Qutub-din-Aibek, Iltutmish, Bulban.
Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320) Shortest Tenure) 30 year 3 Kings.
· Jlaludin Khilji (1290-96)
o Founder of Khilji Dynasty
o First Ruler who said we will avoid harsh punishment and also will accept the policy of tolerance.
o In 1294 he captured Devagiri with the help of his nephew Allaudeen.
o Allaudeen Killed Jlaludin Khilji.
· Allaudin Khilji(1296-1316)
o He was nephew and Son-in-law of Jlaudin Khilji.
o He said Kingship know no kinship.
o First ruler who put bain on alcohol and discourage parties and Festivals.
o He was first ruler who started inter-caste marriage system marrying with princess of Gujarat Kamla Devi.
o Padmavati incident is given under book Padmavati written by Malik Mahammad Jaisi, During the time period of Sher Shah Suri(1540-45).
o According to Padmavat Padmavati committed Jauhar 16,000 ladies.
o He started permanent Army system.
o Permanent Army here means salary in the form of cash.
o He started Daagh and Chehra system.
§ Daagh means branding of Horses.
§ Chehra means branding of Soldiers.
o He titled himself as Sikandre-Saini(Alexander).
o Malik Kafur becomes administrator under Allaudin.
o His court poet was Aamir Khusro.
o He built Allai Minar in front of Qutub-Minar.
o He also built Gate way of Qutub Minar known as Allai Darwaja.
o He started a department Deewan-e-Shehnai.
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